Composition and Properties of Urine •Appearance –almost colorless to deep amber; yellow color due to urochrome, from breakdown of hemoglobin (RBC’s) •Odor – as it stands bacteria degrade urea to ammonia •Specific gravity –density of urine ranges from 1.000 -1.035 •Osmolarity – (blood – 300 mOsm/L) ranges from50 mOsm/L to 1,200 mOsm/L in dehydrated person […]
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Negative Feedback Control of GFR Renal Autoregulation of GFR • BP ® constrict afferent arteriole, dilate efferent • BP ® dilate afferent arteriole, constrict efferent •Stable for BP range of 80 to 170 mmHg (systolic) Cannot compensate for extreme BP Sympathetic Control of GFR •Strenuous exercise or acute conditions (circulatory shock) stimulate afferent arterioles to
Glomerulus filtration rate (GFR) control Read More »
Nephron •True proportions of nephron loops to convoluted tubules shown •Cortical nephrons (85%) –short nephron loops –efferent arterioles branch off peritubular capillaries •Juxtamedullary nephrons (15%) –very long nephron loops, maintain salt gradient, helps conserve water –efferent arterioles branch off vasa recta, blood supply for medulla Nephron Diagram Urine Formation Preview Filtration Membrane Diagram Filtration membrane
Nephron Basic unit of kidney Read More »
Kidney Functions •Filters blood plasma, eliminates waste, returns useful chemicals to blood •Regulates blood volume and pressure •Regulates osmolarity of body fluids •Secretes renin, activates angiotensin, aldosterone –controls BP, electrolyte balance •Secretes erythropoietin, controls RBC count •Regulates PCO2 and acid base balance •Detoxifies free radicals and drugs •Gluconeogenesis Nitrogenous Wastes •Urea –proteins®amino acids ®NH2 removed
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